Botanical Name: Citrus limon

Type of Plant: Evergreen tree

Part of the Plant used: Fruit, juice, zest

Description: Lemon, scientifically known as Citrus limon, is a small evergreen tree belonging to the Rutaceae family. Native to South Asia, lemons are now cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide for their tart, acidic fruits, which are valued for their culinary, medicinal, and household uses. Lemon fruits are oval to oblong in shape, with a bright yellow, thin outer peel containing aromatic oil glands. The pulp of the lemon is segmented, juicy, and sour-tasting, containing numerous seeds. Lemons are consumed fresh as a fruit, squeezed for their juice, and grated or zested for their flavorful rind. Lemon juice and zest are widely used in cooking, baking, beverages, and household cleaning products for their refreshing flavor and acidic properties.

Benefits:

• Culinary Uses: Lemons are versatile fruits used in a wide range of culinary preparations. Lemon juice is commonly used as a flavoring agent in savory and sweet dishes, such as salads, dressings, marinades, sauces, desserts, and beverages. Lemon zest, grated or peeled from the outer peel, adds bright, citrusy flavor to recipes and is used in baking, cooking, and garnishing. Lemons are also preserved as lemon preserves, pickled lemons, or lemon curd for extended shelf life and unique flavor profiles.
• Nutritional Value: Lemons are nutrient-rich fruits packed with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. They are an excellent source of vitamin C, providing over 50% of the recommended daily intake per serving. Lemons also contain small amounts of vitamins A, B6, and E, as well as minerals such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Lemon juice is low in calories and contains no cholesterol or saturated fats, making it a healthy addition to the diet.
• Health Benefits: Lemons offer numerous health benefits due to their unique nutritional profile and bioactive compounds. They contain antioxidants, such as vitamin C and flavonoids, which help neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in the body. Lemon juice is known for its alkalizing effect on the bod , promoting proper pH balance and reducing acidity. Consuming lemon water or lemon juice may support hydration, digestion, immune function, and skin health.

Cultivation:

Growing Conditions:

• Sunlight: Lemon trees thrive in full sunlight but can tolerate partial shade, especially in hot climates. Ensure they receive at le ast 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth and fruit production.
• Soil: Well-draining, loamy soil with a pH level between 5.5 and 6.5 is ideal for lemon cultivation. Sandy loam or loamy soil enriched with organic matter promotes healthy root development and vigorous growth. Lemon trees are sensitive to waterlogging and prefer soil that retains moisture without becoming waterlogged.
• Water: Keep the soil consistently moist throughout the growing season, especially during flowering and fruiting stages. Lemon trees have moderate water requirements and may suffer from stress if soil moisture is inadequate. Water regularly, especially during dry periods, and mulch around the base of the tree to retain soil moisture and suppress weed growth.
• Climate: Lemons thrive in warm, subtropical climates with temperatures between 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F). They require high humidity and rainfall for optimal growth and fruit production. Lemon trees are commonly grown as perennials in regions with a long growing season and as container plants in cooler climates.

Harvesting and Storage of Lemon:

• Harvest lemons when they reach full maturity and ripeness, typically within 6 to 12 months after flowering. Ripe lemons can be identified by their bright yellow color, glossy skin, and firm texture. Use pruning shears or scissors to cut the fruits from the tree, leaving a short stem attached.
• Once harvested, lemons can be stored at room temperature for several days to ripen further. To prolong shelf life, store lemons in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Avoid refrigerating unripe lemons, as this can affect their flavor and texture.
• Ripe lemons can be stored in the refrigerator for up to several weeks to extend their shelf life. Store lemons in a perforated plastic bag or airtight container to prevent them from drying out or absorbing odors. Use ripe lemons promptly in cooking, baking, or as a flavoring agent to enjoy their bright, citrusy flavor and nutritional benefits.